|
* State of Bogu * State of Xu * State of Xiong * State of Feng〔 * Many other tribes and states〔 |commander1= Duke Dan of Zhou〔 King Cheng of Zhou Duke Shi of Shao〔 Duke Lü Shang〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chinese History - Qi 齊 (Zhou period feudal state) )〕 Viscount Qi of Wey〔 Grand Invocator Qin Duke Ke of Shao Duke of Lian〔 Commander Zhi〔 Commander Qian〔 |commander2= Guanshu Xian Caishu Du Huoshu Chu Wu Geng Ruler of Tang〔 Marquis of Yan〔 Elder of Feng〔 |strength1= |strength2= |casualties1= |casualties2= |casualties3=Unknown; the old Shang capital of Yin is destroyed }} The Rebellion of the Three Guards (), or less commonly the Wu Geng Rebellion, was a civil war, instigated by an alliance of discontent Zhou princes, Shang loyalists, vassal states and non-Chinese peoples against the Zhou government under the Duke of Zhou's regency in the latter 11th century BC.〔 After the fall of the Shang dynasty, King Wu of Zhou had appointed his brothers Guanshu, Caishu and Huoshu as the "Three Overseers" of the East to secure the newly conquered Shang lands. After his death and King Cheng of Zhou's coronation, Wu's brother Duke Dan of Zhou declared himself regent and took over the court. This aroused the anger of the Three Guards who suspected Dan of usurpation and believed that they should serve as regents.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chinese History - Song 宋 (Zhou period feudal state) )〕 Allied with many separatist eastern nobles, Shang loyalists under Prince Wu Geng, and several Dongyi and Huaiyi states,〔 they rose in rebellion against the Duke of Zhou. The latter then launched a second "eastern campaign" to put down the rebellion, and defeated the rebels in three years, killing or disempowering their leaders. In doing so, he also further expanded the Zhou kingdom into eastern China, transforming it into an empire using the new Fengjian system. Edward L. Shaughnessy called the rebellion "a succession crisis that has come to be seen as defining moment not only for the Western Zhou dynasty but for the entire history of Chinese statecraft". == Prelude == After King Wu of Zhou had captured Yin in 1046 BC, the Zhou dynasty officially supplanted the old Shang rule. Most of the eastern vassal states, however, remained loyal to the fallen Shang dynasty and resented the new "barbarian" rulers. King Wu recognized this, and appointed the late King Zhou's son Wu Geng as the deputy ruler of the east. He hoped that by doing so, the Zhou could rule the eastern lands through a Shang prince. Still wary of possible revolts against his rule, King Wu left his three brothers Guanshu Xian, Caishu Du, and Huoshu Chu as the "Three Overseers" of the newly conquered lands and ordered them to watch over Wu Geng and the other eastern nobles.〔 But not only the states of the Central Plain wanted to restore the Shang dynasty. Many Dongyi tribes and states of Shandong were "Shang strongholds" with strong cultural and political ties to the fallen regime, as they had served as the late dynasty's allies and vassals for over two centuries. Among them, only the state of Xue in southern Shandong welcomed the rise of the Zhou dynasty, as it had long fought the Shang for independence. After ordering the eastern lands, King Wu returned west to his capital Fenghao, where he appointed his other brothers, Duke Dan of Zhou and Duke Shi of Shao, royal chancellor and "Grand Protector", respectively. These two quickly became the two most powerful figures at the western court. King Wu died around 1043 BC, leaving the throne to his eldest son, Song, subsequently to be known as King Cheng of Zhou. Duke Dan of Zhou, however, claimed that King Cheng was too young to rule, which was probably untrue. Either way, he declared himself regent for Cheng and took over the court. Despite some initial criticism, Dan managed to win over the most important court members, and firmly established his position at the capital.〔〔 Together with his half-brother Shi of Shao and King Cheng, he formed a ruling triumvirate with himself as de-facto leader. In the East, however, Duke Dan's takeover caused great resentment among the Three Guards, as Guanshu and Caishu suspected their brother of usurpation. Furthermore, Guanshu was older than Dan, and the traditional line of seniority would have favored him as regent. According to Li Feng, communication in the Western Zhou period would also take forty to sixty days to traverse the difficult mountain roads in western Henan, causing "a problem of miscommunication and therefore mistrust between the Zhou commanders stationed on the eastern plain and the new leadership in the capital." In 1042 BC, the second year of Duke Dan's regency, Guanshu and Caishu finally instigated Wu Geng and his followers to rise in rebellion.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rebellion of the Three Guards」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|